是我回答chinaunix的网友提问用的;
>>> import re,urllib2
>>> re.search(’\d+\.\d+\.\d+\.\d+’,urllib2.urlopen(”http://www.hereismyip.com”).read()).group()
‘58.49.245.149′
哈哈,python真是简洁啊!
原理就是访问http://www.hereismyip.com or http://www.whereismyip.com 然后用正则表达式查询得到ip;
平时工作相关开发，经常用c++写程序，进程见通讯主要用消息队列和共享内存；
python没有直接操作消息队列共享内存的模块，就想上网找一个；
google了几下，在韩国的python用户组网站找到一个ipc2.pyx，除了pyx代码外，
其他什么都看不懂（都是韩文）；
http://www.python.or.kr/pykug/ipc2_2epyx
google一下pyx相关资料，需要Pyrex来处理为python模块；
先用easy_install Pyrex安装了Pyrex；
然后执行：Pyrexc ipc2.pyx 有两个错误警告：long * char * 类型转换的问题；
修改了一下消息队列的读写方法；处理通过；
下面就开始了我的编译之旅！
我的机器Windows 2003装了Python2.4的Windows版本，又装了cygwin，cygwin自带了python2.4；
先在Windows下编译，用
gcc -c -fPIC ipc2.c -I/usr/include/python2.4 -L/usr/lib/python2.4
提示一堆错误；转念一想，windows又不支持ipc，编译了无用！！尴尬！
切换到cygwin下编译；
gcc -c -fPIC ipc2.c -I/usr/include/python2.4 -L/usr/lib/python2.4
转换为共享库：
gcc –shared ipc2.o -o ipc2.so -L/lib/python2.4/config -lpython2.4
得到ipc2.so
执行python测试；import ipc2，提示没有这个模块；
执行看来一下site-packages目录下的其他的python模块，发现是dll扩展名；
mv ipc2.so ipc2.dll 再次测试 import ipc2 成功了；
在RedHat linux 9下编译：
python版本是2.2；刚刚达到了Pyrex的要求；又搜索了一下pyrex相关资料，学会了setup.py
写了setup.py如下：
from distutils.core import setup
from distutils.extension import Extension
from Pyrex.Distutils import build_ext
setup(name=’ipc2′, ext_modules=[Extension(”ipc2″, [”ipc2.pyx”])],
cmdclass = {’build_ext’: build_ext}
)
用easy_install 安装了pyrex后；
执行python setup.py install
提示编译错误，PyMODINIT_FUNC 没有定义；
在我windows机器上的python24的include目录中的pyport.h中定义；
加入到linux机器的pyport.h中。
再次执行python setup.py install，编译通过，成功安装；
from ipc2 import *
m = mq(0×1001,0666)
m.read()
OK!!!可以读写；
其他的暂时还没有测试；用的时候再测试吧；
python小工具：循环执行命令的脚本
主要用在测试时，循环调用测试工具；
如：需要执行 ls -l 100次，每秒一次；
执行命令：
docmd 1 100 ls -l
脚本源码如下：
#!/bin/env python
import time,os,sys
import glob,sys
import string
def main (interval,cnt,cmd):
print “begin do…”
for x in range(cnt) :
print “——>%s”%cmd
print “——>ret:%d” % ( os.system(cmd) )
if interval > 0:
time.sleep(interval)
return cnt
if __name__ == ‘__main__’:
print “docmd V1.0 ”
if len(sys.argv) 4:
print “\ndocmd interval count command ”
sys.exit(0)
interval = int(sys.argv[1])
cnt = int(sys.argv[2])
cmd = string.join(sys.argv[3:],“ ”)
ret = main(interval,cnt,cmd)
print “done.”
老婆学英语,下载了一些英语资料mp3,可以支持iRiver的mp3播放器显示歌词,
歌词是和mp3打包在一个mp3文件中.
到网上找了一个分离软件,分离出来的歌词格式是snc.我家的mp3不支持.
在网络找了半天也没有找到转化为lrc格式的工具;对比了一下两个格式,发现差别就是在时间码上;
就自己动手用python写了一个脚本负责转化!
import os,glob,sys
import os.path
from string import strip
def snc2lrc(fi):
newname = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(fi),os.path.basename(fi).split(”.”)[0]+”.lrc”)
print “—————————————————————————–”
print “snc2lrc:”,fi
fo = open(newname,”wt”)
f = open(fi)
lines = f.readlines()
newline = “”
for x in range(len(lines)):
line = lines[x]
print x,line
if line.startswith(”⑩”):
if x>0:
print newline
fo.write(newline+”\n”);
newline = “”
newline = “[”+line[4:6]+”:”+line[6:8]+”.”+str(int(line[8:9]))+”]”
continue
else:
newline +=strip(line[:-1])
fo.write(newline+”\n”);
fo.close()
f.close()
return
edir = r”Z:\李阳疯狂英语突破精华版\??.snc”
files = glob.glob(edir)
for f in files:
snc2lrc(f)
公司的所有后台代码都保存在cvs服务器上,以前备份都是手工在做,不能做到及时备份.
最近天气冷了,空调等用电大户开始启动,办公室已经跳闸好几次了.一台VSS服务器的cpu就光荣牺牲了.
幸亏不是烧的硬盘,万幸之余又些后怕.要是cvs服务器坏了,那就不得了.赶快写个自动备份的脚步.
本来是准备用cvsup做的,安装配置还比较麻烦,干脆就用最简单的方式了.先压缩,后ftp进行备份.
脚步如下:
[code]
#!/bin/env Python
import os,time,ftplib,string
import glob,sys
import os.path
home=’/root/backcvs’ #本地保存文件目录
ftphost=’192.168.0.99′ #ftp备份服务器
ftpuser=’cvsroot’ #ftp登陆用户名
ftppass=’xxxxxxx’ #ftp登陆密码
ftppassmode=1 #ftp模式 port 0 passive 1
ftpdir=’backcvs’ #ftp上存放备份的目录
cvsdir=’/home/cvsroot’ #cvs代码存放目录
data=time.strftime(’%y-%m-%d’)
cvstarfile=”cvsroot”+data+”.tgz”
global fd
if not os.path.isdir(home):
os.mkdir(home)
os.chdir(home)
lastfilelen = os.path.getsize(glob.glob(”*.tgz”)[-1])
cmd = “tar zcvf “+cvstarfile+” “+cvsdir
if (os.system(cmd))!=0:
print “tar file faild! cmd:[%s]”%(cmd)
sys.exit(1)
newfilelen = os.path.getsize(cvstarfile)
print “new:%d,old:%d”%(newfilelen,lastfilelen)
if (newfilelen == lastfilelen):
print “file size not change! exit!”
sys.exit(0)
print “while upload file:%s,size:%d”%(cvstarfile,newfilelen)
if os.getcwd()==home:
ftp=ftplib.FTP(ftphost,ftpuser,ftppass)
ftp.set_pasv(ftppassmode)
ftp.cwd(ftpdir)
paths=ftp.nlst(’cvsroot*’)
print paths
if len(paths) > 5:
ftp.delete(paths[0])
os.remove(paths[0])
fd = open(cvstarfile, ‘rb’)
ftp.storbinary(’STOR %s’ % os.path.basename(cvstarfile), fd)
fd.close()
ftp.quit()
[/code]
然后在crontab里面加一行就每天定时启动的命令就可以了!
0 1 * * * Python /root/backcvs/backcvs.py
有个应用程序不是很稳定,又暂时找到具体问题,只知道出现错误时日志文件会反映出来.
该应用定时更新日志目录,有两个日志文件:fromclient.log 记录接收请求,fromserver.log记录接收服务端返回.
出现问题时一般是fromclient.log日志在更新,但是fromserver.log就停止了.
灵机一动,何不用python写个监控日志的程序,发现程序异常就自动重启,这样不至于严重影响客户使用.
多出时间来彻底解决问题.
于是就有了下面的代码:
#!/bin/env Python
# -*- coding: cp936 -*-
import glob,os,time,stat,sys
deadflag = 60 #判断进程死掉的秒数
def GetFileTime(filename):
return os.stat(filename)[stat.ST_CTIME]
def main():
path = glob.glob(”../log/PROXY*”)[-1]
clifile = path + “/” + “mt.log”
svrfile = path + “/” + “fromserver.log”
clitime = GetFileTime(clifile)
svrtime = GetFileTime(svrfile)
print clifile,time.localtime(clitime)
print svrfile,time.localtime(svrtime)
if abs(svrtime-clitime) > deadflag:
print “time is over! will restart!”
os.system(”sh /home/esm/bin/restart_tcpproxy.sh”)
return
if __name__ == “__main__”:
main()
我负责的一套系统，运行与linux中，模块之间使用linux消息队列通讯的。现在有个地方需要单独一个通讯模块的功能。要我写个通讯接口。本来想用c++来写，后来考虑一下觉得用python跟快捷，跟便于维护。
就上网找python的linux下消息队列相关模块。找到Walter de Jong写的模块：
http://www.xs4all.nl/~walterj/python-ipc/
实际测试一下，发现使用起来不是很方便。就觉得之间改改它。
通过这个模块我才知道swig是如何使用的，就到swig的官方网站去下载了一个最新版安装。
用swig给Python增加Linux下的IPC模块
1、下载安装最新版本的SWIG-1.3.22
tar zxvf swig-1.3.22.tar.gz
cd SWIG-1.3.22/
./configure
make
make install
此时swig被安装到了/usr/local/bin目录下。需要把老版本的swig给改名了。
mv /usr/bin/swig /usr/bin/swig1.1
2、下面是修改后的ipc包的文件，主要只有3个文件ipc.h,ipc.i,Makefile
ipc.h：
/*
ipc.h WJ103
This file is a rip-off of the standard includes:
/usr/include/sys/types.h
/usr/include/sys/ipc.h
/usr/include/sys/shm.h
/usr/include/bits/shm.h
etc.
If things do not work, check for differences between those files
and this one. I’m sorry, I could not get it done in any other way…
*/
#include
#define IPC_CREAT 01000 /* Create key if key does not exist. */
#define IPC_EXCL 02000 /* Fail if key exists. */
#define IPC_NOWAIT 04000 /* Return error on wait. */
/* Control commands for `msgctl’, `semctl’, and `shmctl’. */
#define IPC_RMID 0 /* Remove identifier. */
#define IPC_SET 1 /* Set `ipc_perm’ options. */
#define IPC_STAT 2 /* Get `ipc_perm’ options. */
#define IPC_INFO 3 /* See ipcs. */
/* Special key values. */
#define IPC_PRIVATE ((key_t)0) /* Private key. */
/* Permission flag for shmget. */
#define SHM_R 0400 /* or S_IRUGO from
*/
#define SHM_W 0200 /* or S_IWUGO from
*/
/* Flags for `shmat’. */
#define SHM_RDONLY 010000 /* attach read-only else read-write */
#define SHM_RND 020000 /* round attach address to SHMLBA */
#define SHM_REMAP 040000 /* take-over region on attach */
/* Commands for `shmctl’. */
#define SHM_LOCK 11 /* lock segment (root only) */
#define SHM_UNLOCK 12 /* unlock segment (root only) */
/* ipcs ctl commands */
#define SHM_STAT 13
#define SHM_INFO 14
/* shm_mode upper byte flags */
#define SHM_DEST 01000 /* segment will be destroyed on last detach */
#define SHM_LOCKED 02000 /* segment will not be swapped */
/* Permission struct */
struct ipc_perm {
key_t __key; /* Key. */
unsigned short int uid; /* Owner’s user ID. */
unsigned short int gid; /* Owner’s group ID. */
unsigned short int cuid; /* Creator’s user ID. */
unsigned short int cgid; /* Creator’s group ID. */
unsigned short int mode; /* Read/write permission. */
unsigned short int __seq; /* Sequence number. */
};
/* Data structure describing a set of semaphores. */
struct shmid_ds
{
struct ipc_perm shm_perm; /* operation permission struct */
int shm_segsz; /* size of segment in bytes */
time_t shm_atime; /* time of last shmat() */
time_t shm_dtime; /* time of last shmdt() */
time_t shm_ctime; /* time of last change by shmctl() */
pid_t shm_cpid; /* pid of creator */
pid_t shm_lpid; /* pid of last shmop */
unsigned short int shm_nattch; /* number of current attaches */
unsigned short int __shm_npages; /* size of segment (pages) */
unsigned long int *__shm_pages; /* array of ptrs to frames -> SHMMAX */
void *__attaches; /* descriptors for attaches */
};
struct shminfo {
int shmmax;
int shmmin;
int shmmni;
int shmseg;
int shmall;
};
struct shm_info {
int used_ids;
unsigned long int shm_tot; /* total allocated shm */
unsigned long int shm_rss; /* total resident shm */
unsigned long int shm_swp; /* total swapped shm */
unsigned long int swap_attempts;
unsigned long int swap_successes;
};
/* Flags for `semop’. */
#define SEM_UNDO 0×1000 /* undo the operation on exit */
/* Commands for `semctl’. */
#define GETPID 11 /* get sempid */
#define GETVAL 12 /* get semval */
#define GETALL 13 /* get all semval’s */
#define GETNCNT 14 /* get semncnt */
#define GETZCNT 15 /* get semzcnt */
#define SETVAL 16 /* set semval */
#define SETALL 17 /* set all semval’s */
/* Data structure describing a set of semaphores. */
struct semid_ds
{
struct ipc_perm sem_perm; /* operation permission struct */
time_t sem_otime; /* last semop() time */
time_t sem_ctime; /* last time changed by semctl() */
struct sem *__sembase; /* ptr to first semaphore in array */
struct sem_queue *__sem_pending; /* pending operations */
struct sem_queue *__sem_pending_last; /* last pending operation */
struct sem_undo *__undo; /* ondo requests on this array */
unsigned short int sem_nsems; /* number of semaphores in set */
};
/*
According to X/Open you have to define the union semun yourself.
What the crap is that all about anyway??? It’s probably just because
of its name. Well, here it is. I define the semun myself. Ha!
–Walter
*/
union semun {
int val; /* value for SETVAL */
struct semid_ds *buf; /* buffer for IPC_STAT & IPC_SET */
unsigned short int *array; /* array for GETALL & SETALL */
struct seminfo *__buf; /* buffer for IPC_INFO */
};
/* ipcs ctl cmds */
#define SEM_STAT 18
#define SEM_INFO 19
struct seminfo
{
int semmap;
int semmni;
int semmns;
int semmnu;
int semmsl;
int semopm;
int semume;
int semusz;
int semvmx;
int semaem;
};
/*
Note: use the helper function mkmsgbuf() to create a message buffer
This structure is merely used for typecasting a larger object
*/
struct msgbuf
{
long int mtype; /* type of received/sent message */
char mtext[2048]; /* text of the message */
};
/* Define options for message queue functions. */
#define MSG_NOERROR 010000 /* no error if message is too big */
#define MSG_EXCEPT 020000 /* recv any msg except of specified type */
/* Structure of record for one message inside the kernel.
The type `struct msg’ is opaque. */
struct msqid_ds
{
struct ipc_perm msg_perm; /* structure describing operation permission */
struct msg *__msg_first; /* pointer to first message on queue */
struct msg *__msg_last; /* pointer to last message on queue */
time_t msg_stime; /* time of last msgsnd command */
time_t msg_rtime; /* time of last msgrcv command */
time_t msg_ctime; /* time of last change */
void *__wwait; /* ??? */
void *__rwait; /* ??? */
unsigned short int __msg_cbytes;/* current number of bytes on queue */
unsigned short int msg_qnum; /* number of messages currently on queue */
unsigned short int msg_qbytes;/* max number of bytes allowed on queue */
pid_t msg_lspid; /* pid of last msgsnd() */
pid_t msg_lrpid; /* pid of last msgrcv() */
};
/*
#define msg_cbytes __msg_cbytes
*/
/* ipcs ctl commands */
#define MSG_STAT 11
#define MSG_INFO 12
/* buffer for msgctl calls IPC_INFO, MSG_INFO */
struct msginfo {
int msgpool;
int msgmap;
int msgmax;
int msgmnb;
int msgmni;
int msgssz;
int msgtql;
unsigned short int msgseg;
};
/* EOB */
swig的接口定义文件：ipc.i
//
// ipc.i WJ103
//
%module ipc
%{
#include “ipc.h”
%}
// Produce constants and helper functions for structures and unions
%include “ipc.h”
int ftok(char *, char);
int shmget(int, int, int);
void *shmat(int, void *, int);
int shmdt(void *);
int shmctl(int, int, struct shmid_ds *);
int semget(int, int, int);
int semctl(int, int, int, union semun);
int semop(int, struct sembuf *, unsigned int);
int msgget(int, int);
int msgctl(int, int, struct msqid_ds *);
int msgsnd(int, struct msgbuf *, int, int);
int msgrcv(int, struct msgbuf *, int, long, int);
%inline
%{
%}
// EOB
编译定义文件Makefile
#
# Makefile
#
# python ipc module by Walter de Jong walter@heiho.net>
#CC=gcc
COPT=-g #-O2 -Winline
CFLAGS=$(COPT) -Wall
CFLAGSWRAP = $(COPT) -fpic
CFLAGSSO = $(COPT) -shared
SWIG=swig
PYTHON_INCLUDE=/usr/include/python2.2
OBJS=ipc_wrap.o
all: _ipc.so
_ipc.so: $(OBJS)
$(CC) $(CFLAGSSO) $(OBJS) -o _ipc.so
ipc_wrap.o: ipc_wrap.c
$(CC) $(CFLAGSWRAP) -c ipc_wrap.c -Dbool=char -I. -I$(PYTHON_INCLUDE)
ipc_wrap.c: ipc.i
$(SWIG) -python ipc.i
.c.o:
$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -c $clean:
rm -f $(OBJS) _ipc.so ipc.py ipc.pyc ipc_wrap.c ipc_wrap.doc
# EOB
编译：
执行make
程序编译后生成了：
ipc.py，ipc.pyc模块文件，以及模块支持库_ipc.so
3、用法介绍：
由于我只使用消息队列相关函数，所以没有对其它函数进行测试！
>>> import ipc
>>> dir(ipc)
[’GETALL’, ‘GETNCNT’, ‘GETPID’, ‘GETVAL’, ‘GETZCNT’, ‘IPC_CREAT’, ‘IPC_EXCL’, ‘IPC_INFO’, ‘IPC_NOWAIT’, ‘IPC_RMID’, ‘IPC_SET’, ‘IPC_STAT’, ‘MSG_EXCEPT’, ‘MSG_INFO’, ‘MSG_NOERROR’, ‘MSG_STAT’, ‘SEM_INFO’, ‘SEM_STAT’, ‘SEM_UNDO’, ‘SETALL’, ‘SETVAL’, ‘SHM_DEST’, ‘SHM_INFO’, ‘SHM_LOCK’, ‘SHM_LOCKED’, ‘SHM_R’, ‘SHM_RDONLY’, ‘SHM_REMAP’, ‘SHM_RND’, ‘SHM_STAT’, ‘SHM_UNLOCK’, ‘SHM_W’, ‘__builtins__’, ‘__doc__’, ‘__file__’, ‘__name__’, ‘_ipc’, ‘_newclass’, ‘_object’, ‘_swig_getattr’, ‘_swig_setattr’, ‘ftok’, ‘ipc_perm’, ‘ipc_permPtr’, ‘msgbuf’, ‘msgbufPtr’, ‘msgctl’, ‘msgget’, ‘msginfo’, ‘msginfoPtr’, ‘msgrcv’, ‘msgsnd’, ‘msqid_ds’, ‘msqid_dsPtr’, ’semctl’, ’semget’, ’semid_ds’, ’semid_dsPtr’, ’seminfo’, ’seminfoPtr’, ’semop’, ’semun’, ’semunPtr’, ’shm_info’, ’shm_infoPtr’, ’shmat’, ’shmctl’, ’shmdt’, ’shmget’, ’shmid_ds’, ’shmid_dsPtr’, ’shminfo’, ’shminfoPtr’] 建立消息队列：
>>> msgid = ipc.msgget(0×10012,0666|ipc.IPC_CREAT)
>>> msgid
65538
此时用ipcs 查看，可以看到消息队列已经创建成功
发送消息：
>>> mbuf = ipc.msgbuf()
>>> mbuf>>> mbuf.mtype = 1
>>> mbuf.mtext = ‘abc’
>>> ipc.msgsnd(msgid,mbuf,3,0)
0
此时用ipcs 查看，消息队列中有一个消息
接收消息队列
>>> rbuf = ipc.msgbuf()
>>> ipc.msgrcv(msgid,rbuf,2048,1,0)
3
>>> rbuf.mtype
1
>>> rbuf.mtext
‘abc\x00\x00\x00′后面省略…
此时用ipcs 查看，消息队列中有一个消息接收消息队列
同事要把数据库中整数表示的ip地址转换为标准的数字ip。要找个工具，我说可以用python写个脚本来完成。应该很简单的，结果就有了下面的代码：
>>> import socket
>>> import struct
>>> socket.inet_ntoa(struct.pack(’I',socket.htonl(-591250144)))
‘220.194.61.32′
>>> socket.ntohl(struct.unpack(”I”,socket.inet_aton(’220.194.61.32′))[0])
-591250144
简单吧，python真是个好东东。工作的好帮手啊！
有个同事要在AIX5下使用Python脚本，折腾了半天，算是安装上了，总结如下：
1、
从 AIX Toolbox for Linux Applications :
http://www-1.ibm.com/servers/aix/products/aixos/linux/download.html
下载：
| Python-devel | 2.2 | License | RPM | Source | The libraries and header files needed for Python extension development. |
| readline-devel | 4.3 | License | RPM | Source | Development files for programs which will use the readline library. |
2、下载如下文件：
ftp://ftp.software.ibm.com/aix/freeSoftware/aixtoolbox/RPMS/ppc/db/db-3.3.11-3.aix4.3.ppc.rpm
ftp://ftp.software.ibm.com/aix/freeSoftware/aixtoolbox/RPMS/ppc/expat/expat-1.95.2-4.aix5.1.ppc.rpm
ftp://ftp.software.ibm.com/aix/freeSoftware/aixtoolbox/RPMS/ppc/gdbm/gdbm-1.8.0-5.aix4.3.ppc.rpm
ftp://ftp.software.ibm.com/aix/freeSoftware/aixtoolbox/RPMS/ppc/readline/readline-4.3-1.aix5.1.ppc.rpm
3，安装：
登录AIX，用root执行如下命令：
rpm -ivh db-3.3.11-3.aix4.3.ppc.rpm
rpm -ivh expat-1.95.2-4.aix5.1.ppc.rpm
rpm -ivh gdbm-1.8.0-5.aix4.3.ppc.rpm
rpm -ivh readline-4.3-1.aix5.1.ppc.rpm
环境准备好后，用rpm -ivh 安装Python相关rpm即可。